How Does the "Us" versus "Them" Polarization Work? Capturing Political Antagonism with the Political Antagonism Scale

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Authors

HRBKOVÁ Lenka MACEK Jakub MACKOVÁ Alena

Year of publication 2024
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Social Studies

Citation
Web https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/08883254231215513
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08883254231215513
Keywords polarization; antagonism; political conflict; survey measurement; Czech Republic
Description This article introduces and validates a Political Antagonism Scale (PAS) aimed at capturing politically motivated antagonism among people in survey research. Recent trends indicate a rise in politically motivated polarization across various countries. This polarization often transcends mere ideological distance, fostering an identity-based "Us" versus "Them" political perspective. Consequently, this transforms the traditional agonistic political competition into a deeply adversarial antagonistic relationship, wherein political counterparts are viewed as enemies. Such conflict dynamics may have serious consequences for democratic politics and should be examined by scholars of political polarization across different political contexts and at different time points. However, a comprehensive survey tool addressing this form of polarization has been lacking. The PAS is designed to capture the complex nature of political antagonism and target individual antagonization towards their political outgroups on the level of social groups, political elites, the media, and everyday life. In addition, we present a regression model identifying potential sources of political antagonism. Our findings highlight the significant association between political antagonization and a prevailing sense of ontological insecurity.
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