First inter-laboratory comparison exercise for the determination of anticancer drugs in aqueous samples

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Authors

HEATH Ester CESEN Marjeta NEGREIRA Noelia DE ALDA Miren Lopez FERRANDO-CLIMENT Laura BLÁHOVÁ Lucie NGUYEN Tung Viet ADAHCHOUR Mohamed RUEBEL Achim LLEWELLYN Neville SCANCAR Janez NOVAKOVIC Srdjan MISLEJ Vesna STRAZAR Marjeta BARCELO Damia KOSJEK Tina

Year of publication 2016
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Environmental Science and Pollution Research
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-015-4982-9
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4982-9
Field Environment influence on health
Keywords Inter-laboratory study; Cytostatic; Pharmaceutical; Surfacewater; Wastewater; Hospital effluent
Description The results of an inter-laboratory comparison exercise to determine cytostatic anticancer drug residues in surface water, hospital wastewater and wastewater treatment plant effluent are reported. To obtain a critical number of participants, an invitation was sent out to potential laboratories identified to have the necessary knowledge and instrumentation. Nine laboratories worldwide confirmed their participation in the exercise. The compounds selected included cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, etoposide, methotrexate and cisplatinum. Samples of spiked waste (hospital and wastewater treatment plant effluent) and surface water, and additional non-spiked hospital wastewater, were prepared by the organising laboratory (JoA3/4ef Stefan Institute) and sent out to each participant partner for analysis. All analytical methods included solid phase extraction (SPE) and the use of surrogate/internal standards for quantification. Chemical analysis was performed using either liquid or gas chromatography mass (MS) or tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry. Cisplatinum was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A required minimum contribution of five laboratories meant that only cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate and etoposide could be included in the statistical evaluation. z-score and Q test revealed 3 and 4 outliers using classical and robust approach, respectively. The smallest absolute differences between the spiked values and the measured values were observed in the surface water matrix. The highest within-laboratory repeatability was observed for methotrexate in all three matrices (CV a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 12 %). Overall, inter-laboratory reproducibility was poor for all compounds and matrices (CV 27-143 %) with the only exception being methotrexate measured in the spiked hospital wastewater (CV = 8 %). Random and total errors were identified by means of Youden plots.
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