;; STARTUP
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; when started, setup
to startup
  setup
end

;; setup -- for the first time and when parameters are changed
to setup
  clear-all
  set-default-shape turtles "person"
  create-all-buyers
  create-all-sellers
  set trading-day-number 0
  set transaction-number 0
  set current-deal-price -1
  reset
;  view-patches
end





;; GLOBAL VARIABLES
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

globals [ 
  ;; demand and supply before any trading takes place
  total-inverse-supply total-inverse-demand
  ;; demand and supply at the moment
  current-inverse-supply current-inverse-demand
  ;; theoretic equilibrium quantity before any trading takes place
  total-equilibrium-quantity
  ;; theoretic equilibrium prices -""-
  total-equilibrium-supply-price total-equilibrium-demand-price
  ;; theoretic equilibrium quantity with the remaining S&D
  current-equilibrium-quantity
  ;; theoretic equilibrium price -""-
  current-equilibrium-supply-price current-equilibrium-demand-price
  ;; theoretic sum of buyers' and sellers' surplus before any trading takes place
  total-potential-surplus
  ;; quantity really traded up to the point -- needn't to be calculated -- you can ask traders
  current-quantity-traded
  ;; counter of trading days and transactions
  trading-day-number transaction-number
  ;; variable containing the last deal price
  current-deal-price
  ]





;; SELLERS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

breed [ sellers seller ]
sellers-own [ 
  ;; reservation price of all units the trader has to trade -- the same every trading day
  reservation-price
  ;; quantity-to-trade = the same every trading day; now is 1 but may be different later
  quantity-to-trade 
  ;; remaing units in this trading day; on the daybreak it's reset to quantity-to-trade
  non-satisfied-quantity 
  ;; gains-from-trade within one trading day
  gains-from-trade
  ;; for ZI traders:
  ;; price actually quoted (bid/ask)
  haggling-price
  ;; for ZIP traders
  margin beta gamma last-change
]
  
;; create and initialize sellers
to create-all-sellers
  ;; create and position sellers
  create-sellers number-of-sellers 
    [ 
      setxy random-pxcor random-pycor 
      set heading random 360
    ]
  ;; set reservation prices
  ifelse ( supply-and-demand-generation-type = "equidistant")
    [ let step ( ( max-sell-price - min-sell-price) / ( number-of-sellers - 1 ) ) 
      let tmp min-sell-price
      ask sellers [ set reservation-price tmp
                    set tmp  tmp + step ]
    ]
    [ ask sellers 
      [ set reservation-price random ( max-sell-price - min-sell-price + 1) + min-sell-price ] ]
  ;; set ZIP trader's properties
  ask sellers [ initialize-zip-trader ]
  ;; set quantity to be traded and set intraday variables
  ask sellers 
    [ set quantity-to-trade 1
      reset-seller ]
end

;; reset seller' intraday variables
to reset-seller
  set non-satisfied-quantity quantity-to-trade
  set gains-from-trade 0
  visualize-seller
end

;; set seller's color according to his state
to visualize-seller
  ifelse ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 )
    [ set color yellow + 1 ]
    [ set color yellow - 2 ]
end





;; BUYERS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

breed [ buyers buyer ]
buyers-own [ reservation-price quantity-to-trade non-satisfied-quantity gains-from-trade 
  haggling-price 
  margin beta gamma last-change ]

;; create and initialize buyers
to create-all-buyers
  ;; create and position buyers
  create-buyers number-of-buyers 
    [ setxy random-pxcor random-pycor 
      set heading random 360 ]
  ;; set reservation prices
  ifelse ( supply-and-demand-generation-type = "equidistant")
    [ let step ( ( max-buy-price - min-buy-price ) / ( number-of-buyers - 1 ) ) 
      let tmp min-buy-price
      ask buyers [ set reservation-price tmp
                    set tmp  tmp + step ]
    ]
    [ ask buyers
      [ set reservation-price random ( max-buy-price - min-buy-price + 1) + min-buy-price ] ]
  ;; set ZIP trader's properties
  ask buyers [ initialize-zip-trader ]
  ;; set quantity to be traded and set intraday variables
  ask buyers
    [ set quantity-to-trade 1
      reset-buyer ]
end

;; reset buyer's intraday variables
to reset-buyer
  set non-satisfied-quantity quantity-to-trade
  set gains-from-trade 0
  visualize-buyer
end

;; set buyers's color according to his state
to visualize-buyer
  ifelse ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 )
    [ set color red + 1 ]
    [ set color red - 2 ]
end

to visualize-trader
  ifelse ( breed = sellers )
    [ visualize-seller ]
    [ visualize-buyer ]
end





;; CARRYING THE MARKET OUT ( GO + GO-ONCE )
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; one step in one trading day (should be run by a forever button or go procedure)
to go-once
  ;; if there is no opportunity to trade, stop
  if ( equilibrium-quantity (inverse-supply) (inverse-demand) = 0 ) [ stop ]
  ;; move
  move
  ;; do trading
  trade
  ;; update traders' look
  ask turtles [ visualize-trader ]
  ;; tick and do plotting
  if ( where-to-tick? = "one quote" ) [ tick ]
  set current-inverse-demand inverse-demand
  set current-inverse-supply inverse-supply
  set current-equilibrium-quantity
        equilibrium-quantity current-inverse-supply current-inverse-demand
  set current-equilibrium-supply-price
        equilibrium-supply-price current-equilibrium-quantity current-inverse-supply
  set current-equilibrium-demand-price
        equilibrium-demand-price current-equilibrium-quantity current-inverse-demand
  do-plots
  ;view-patches
end

;; carry out number-of-trading-days
;to go
;  set trading-day-number 0
;  let go-counter 0
;  let last-q 0
;  repeat number-of-trading-days
;    [ set go-counter 0
;      set last-q current-equilibrium-quantity
;      set trading-day-number trading-day-number + 1
;      ;; reset intraday variables
;      ask buyers [ reset-buyer ]
;      ask sellers [ reset-seller ]
;      reset
;      ;; one trading day
;      while [ ( equilibrium-quantity (inverse-supply) (inverse-demand) > 0 ) and ( go-counter < max-idle-ticks-per-trading-day ) ]
;        [ set go-counter go-counter + 1
;          go-once
;          if ( last-q > current-equilibrium-quantity ) 
;            [ ;show go-counter
;              set go-counter 0
;              set last-q current-equilibrium-quantity ]
;        ]
;      ;; end-of-the-day plotting
;      tick
;      plot-day-marker-to-prices
;      plot-alpha
;      plot-gained-surplus
;      plot-inefficient-traders
;      plot-rho
;    ]
;end

;; experimental version of go
to go
  if ( trading-day-number >= number-of-trading-days ) [ stop ]
  set trading-day-number ( trading-day-number + 1 )
  let go-counter 0
  let last-q 0
  set go-counter 0
  set last-q current-equilibrium-quantity
  ;; reset intraday variables
  ask buyers [ reset-buyer ]
  ask sellers [ reset-seller ]
  reset
  ;; one trading day
  while [ ( equilibrium-quantity (inverse-supply) (inverse-demand) > 0 ) and ( go-counter < max-idle-ticks-per-trading-day ) ]
    [ set go-counter go-counter + 1
      go-once
      if ( last-q > current-equilibrium-quantity ) 
        [ ;show go-counter
          set go-counter 0
          set last-q current-equilibrium-quantity ]
    ]
  ;; end-of-the-day plotting
  if ( where-to-tick? = "trading day" ) [ tick ]
  plot-day-marker-to-prices
  plot-alpha
  plot-gained-surplus
  plot-inefficient-traders
  plot-rho
end

;; select those who can trade and ask them to trade
to trade
  ifelse who-offers? = "buyers"
    [ ask one-of buyers with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ] [ do-trade ] ]
    [ ifelse who-offers? = "sellers"
        [ ask one-of sellers with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0] [ do-trade ] ]
        [ ask one-of turtles with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0] [ do-trade ] ]
    ]
end

;; select the right trading algorithm
to do-trade
  run word traders-type "-trade"
end





;; MOVING
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; there can be many moving algorithms; this procedure selects among them
to move
  if ( moving-type = "wiggle" )
    [ ask turtles [ wiggle-move ] ]
end

;; wiggle-moving
to wiggle-move
  rt random 30
  lt random 30
  fd 1
end





;; TRADING ALGORITHMS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; FAIR TRADING
;; fair-trading -- if a trade is possible, a pair always trade for the price
;; being an average between the seller's and the buyer's reservation price
to fair-trade
  set current-deal-price -1
  ifelse breed = sellers
    [
      if non-satisfied-quantity = 0 [ stop ]
      if any? buyers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ]
        [ let partner one-of buyers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ]
          if [ reservation-price ] of partner >= reservation-price
            [ let price ( [ reservation-price ] of partner + reservation-price ) / 2
              let gain price - reservation-price
              set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1
              set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + gain
              set current-quantity-traded current-quantity-traded + 1
              ask partner 
                [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1 
                  set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + gain ]
              plot-prices price
              set current-deal-price price
            ] 
         ]
    ]
    [
      if non-satisfied-quantity = 0 [ stop ]
      if any? sellers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ]
        [ let partner one-of sellers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ]
          if [ reservation-price ] of partner <= reservation-price
            [ let price ( [ reservation-price ] of partner + reservation-price ) / 2
              let gain reservation-price - price
              set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1
              set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + gain
              set current-quantity-traded current-quantity-traded + 1
              ask partner 
                [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1 
                  set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + gain ] 
              plot-prices price
              set current-deal-price price
            ] 
         ]
    ]
end



;; ZI-TRADING
;; Gode-Sunder's algorithm
to zi-trade
  set current-deal-price -1
  if non-satisfied-quantity = 0 [ stop ]
  adjust-zi-haggling-price
  let price haggling-price
  let partner nobody
  ifelse breed = sellers
    [
      ask buyers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ] [ adjust-zi-haggling-price ]
      ifelse public-offers?
        [ set partner one-of buyers in-radius vision-radius 
            with [ ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) and ( haggling-price  >= price ) ] ]
        [ set partner one-of buyers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ] ]
      if ( ( partner != nobody ) and ( [haggling-price ] of partner >= haggling-price ) )
        [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1
          set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + price - reservation-price
          set current-quantity-traded current-quantity-traded + 1
          ask partner 
            [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1 
              set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + reservation-price - price ]
          plot-prices price
          set current-deal-price price
         ] 
;      if partner != nobody [ show ( list [ who ] of partner price [ haggling-price ] of partner ) ]
    ]
    [
      ask sellers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ] [ adjust-zi-haggling-price ]
      ifelse public-offers?
        [ set partner one-of sellers in-radius vision-radius 
            with [ ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) and ( haggling-price  <= price ) ] ]
        [ set partner one-of sellers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ] ]
      if ( ( partner != nobody ) and ( [haggling-price ] of partner <= haggling-price ) )
        [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1
          set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + reservation-price - price
          set current-quantity-traded current-quantity-traded + 1
          ask partner 
            [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1 
              set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + price - reservation-price ]          
          plot-prices price
          set current-deal-price price
         ] 
    ]
end

to adjust-zi-haggling-price
  ifelse breed = buyers
    [ set haggling-price random ( reservation-price +  1 ) ]
    [ set haggling-price reservation-price + random ( max list max-buy-price max-sell-price  - reservation-price + 1 ) ]
end



;; ZIP-TRADING (Cliff's algorithm, Cliff, 1997)
;; 
to zip-trade
  set current-deal-price -1
  if non-satisfied-quantity = 0 [ stop ]
  let price haggling-price
  let partner nobody
  let dtype "OFFER"
  let daccepted false
  ifelse breed = sellers
    [
      ifelse public-offers?
        [ set partner one-of buyers in-radius vision-radius 
            with [ ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) and ( haggling-price  >= price ) ] ]
        [ set partner one-of buyers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ] ]
      if ( ( partner != nobody ) and ( [haggling-price ] of partner >= haggling-price ) )
        [ set daccepted true
          set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1
          set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + price - reservation-price
          set current-quantity-traded current-quantity-traded + 1
          ask partner 
            [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1 
              set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + reservation-price - price ]
          plot-prices price
          set current-deal-price price
         ] 
    ]
    [
      set dtype "BID"
      ifelse public-offers?
        [ set partner one-of sellers in-radius vision-radius 
            with [ ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) and ( haggling-price  <= price ) ] ]
        [ set partner one-of sellers in-radius vision-radius with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ] ]
      if ( ( partner != nobody ) and ( [haggling-price ] of partner <= haggling-price ) )
        [ set daccepted true
          set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1
          set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + reservation-price - price
          set current-quantity-traded current-quantity-traded + 1
          ask partner 
            [ set non-satisfied-quantity non-satisfied-quantity - 1 
              set gains-from-trade gains-from-trade + price - reservation-price ]
          plot-prices price
          set current-deal-price price
         ] 
    ]
  ;; adjust margins of all traders that can hear the outcome of this attempt to trade
  ifelse public-hearing?
    [ ask turtles in-radius vision-radius [ adjust-zip-haggling-price dtype daccepted price ] ]
    [ adjust-zip-haggling-price dtype daccepted price 
      if ( partner != nobody )
        [ ask partner [ adjust-zip-haggling-price dtype daccepted price ] ]
    ]
end

;; initialize ZIP trader's properties
to initialize-zip-trader
  ifelse ( breed = sellers )
    [ set margin ( min-initial-margin / 100 ) + random-float ( max-initial-margin - min-initial-margin ) / 100 ]
    [ set margin ( - ( ( min-initial-margin / 100 ) + random-float ( max-initial-margin - min-initial-margin ) / 100 ) ) ]
  set beta ( ( min-beta / 100 ) + random-float ( ( max-beta - min-beta ) / 100 ) )
  set gamma ( ( min-gamma / 100 ) + random-float ( ( max-gamma - min-gamma ) / 100 ) )
  set haggling-price round-price ( reservation-price * ( 1 + margin ) )
  set last-change 0
end

;; adjust a zip trader's margin and haggling-price
to adjust-zip-haggling-price [ deal-type deal-accepted? deal-price ]
;  show word "Pred " haggling-price
  ifelse ( breed = sellers )
    ;; for sellers
    [ ifelse deal-accepted?
      ;; for accepted deals
      [ ifelse ( haggling-price <= deal-price )
        ;; if his haggling-price is less than or equal to the deal price, raise the margin
        [ do-adjust-zip-haggling-price zip-higher-price deal-price ]
        ;; wouldn't have got this deal, so decrease the margin
        [ if ( ( deal-type = "BID" ) and ( not willing-to-trade? deal-price ) and ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) )
          [ do-adjust-zip-haggling-price zip-lower-price deal-price ]
        ]
      ]
      ;; no deal
      [ if ( ( deal-type = "OFFER" ) and ( haggling-price >= deal-price ) and (non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) )
        ;; would have asked for more and lost the deal, so reduce margin
        [ do-adjust-zip-haggling-price zip-lower-price deal-price ]
      ]
    ]
    ;;
    ;; for buyers
    [ ifelse deal-accepted?
        ;; for accepted deals
        [ ifelse ( haggling-price >= deal-price )
          ;;could get lower price -- trhy rasing margin
          [ do-adjust-zip-haggling-price zip-lower-price deal-price ]
          ;; wouldn't have got this deal, so reduce the profit
          [ if ( ( deal-type = "OFFER" ) and ( not willing-to-trade? deal-price ) and ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) )
            [ do-adjust-zip-haggling-price zip-higher-price deal-price ]
          ]
        ]
        ;; no-deal
        [ if ( (deal-type = "BID" ) and ( haggling-price <= deal-price ) and (non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) )
          ;; would have bid less and also lost the deal, so reduce profit
          [ do-adjust-zip-haggling-price zip-higher-price deal-price ]
        ]
    ]
;  show word "Po " haggling-price
end

to-report zip-lower-price [ p ]
  report ( p * ( 1 - ( random-float delta-p / 100 ) ) - ( random-float delta-a / 100 ) ) 
end

to-report zip-higher-price [ p ]
  report ( p * ( 1 + ( random-float delta-p / 100 ) ) + ( random-float delta-a / 100 ) )
end

to-report willing-to-trade? [ p ]
  ifelse ( breed = buyers )
    [ if ( ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) and ( haggling-price >= p ) ) [ report true ] ]
    [ if ( ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) and ( haggling-price <= p ) ) [ report true ] ]
  report false
end

to do-adjust-zip-haggling-price [ target-price ]
;  show (sentence reservation-price ", " target-price ", " haggling-price)
  let diff target-price - haggling-price
  let change ( 1 - gamma ) * beta * diff + gamma * last-change
  set last-change change
  let newmargin ( haggling-price + change ) / reservation-price - 1
  ifelse ( breed = sellers )
    [ if ( newmargin > 0 ) [ set margin newmargin ] ]
    [ if ( newmargin < 0 ) [ set margin newmargin ] ]
  set haggling-price  round-price ( ( 1 + margin ) * reservation-price )
;  show (sentence newmargin ", " margin ", " haggling-price)
end





;; EFFICIENTY CALCULATIONS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; SMITH (JPE, 1962) ALPHA
;; this version works only if the total quantity traded by a single trader is one
;; otherwise the list of prices had to be recorded directly
to-report calculate-alpha
  let n count sellers with [ non-satisfied-quantity = 0 ]
  let p ( total-equilibrium-supply-price + total-equilibrium-demand-price ) / 2
  let price-list [ ( reservation-price + gains-from-trade ) ] of sellers with [ non-satisfied-quantity = 0 ]
  let sigma 0
  foreach price-list [ set sigma sigma + ( ? - p ) ^ 2 ]
  ifelse ( n >= 2 ) [ set sigma sqrt ( sigma / ( n - 1 ) ) ] [ set sigma 10 ^ 100 ]
  report ( 100 * sigma / p )
end

;; total surplus gained by all traders in percents of the the theoretic one
to-report calculate-gained-surplus
  report ( sum [ gains-from-trade ] of turtles / total-potential-surplus * 100)
end

;; number of intramarginal traders that failed to trade
;; temporaty code that works only if there are not two traders with the same reservation price
to-report calculate-intramarginal-nontraded
  let p ( total-equilibrium-supply-price + total-equilibrium-demand-price ) / 2
  report ( count sellers with [ ( reservation-price <= p ) and ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) ]
    + count buyers with [ ( reservation-price >= p ) and ( non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ) ] )
end

;; number of extramarginal traders that managed to trade
;; temporaty code that works only if there are not two traders with the same reservation price
to-report calculate-extramarginal-traded
  let p ( total-equilibrium-supply-price + total-equilibrium-demand-price ) / 2
  report ( count sellers with [ ( reservation-price > p ) and ( non-satisfied-quantity = 0 ) ]
    + count buyers with [ ( reservation-price < p ) and ( non-satisfied-quantity = 0 ) ] )
end

;; a complex measure of market inefficiency; get zero for the perfect market
;; rho is sum of absolute values of deviation between theoretic and actual gains from trade
;;   of all traders divided by the total theoretic gain from trade
;; temporaty code that works only if there are not two traders with the same reservation price
to-report calculate-rho
  let p ( total-equilibrium-supply-price + total-equilibrium-demand-price ) / 2
  let summa 0
  ;; add gains of extramarginal traders
  set summa summa + sum [ gains-from-trade ] of sellers with [ reservation-price > p ]
  set summa summa + sum [ gains-from-trade ] of buyers with [ reservation-price < p ]
  ;; add absolute values of difference between theoretic and real gains of intramarginal traders
  set summa summa + sum [ abs ( ( p - reservation-price ) - gains-from-trade ) ] of sellers with [ reservation-price <= p ]
  set summa summa + sum [ abs ( ( reservation-price - p ) - gains-from-trade ) ] of buyers with [ reservation-price >= p ]
  report ( 100 * summa / total-potential-surplus )
end





;; PLOTTING
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; draw supply and demand -- at every tick
to do-plots
  set-current-plot "Supply and Demand"
  clear-plot
  set-current-plot-pen "total demand"
  draw-inverse-demand total-inverse-demand
  set-current-plot-pen "total supply"
  draw-inverse-supply total-inverse-supply
  set-current-plot-pen "current supply"
  draw-inverse-supply current-inverse-supply
  set-current-plot-pen "current demand"
  draw-inverse-demand current-inverse-demand
  set-current-plot-pen "default"
  draw-total-equilibrium
end

;; draw evolution of prices -- at every tick
to plot-prices [ price ]
  set transaction-number transaction-number + 1
  set-current-plot "Prices"
  set-current-plot-pen "theoretic low"
  plot total-equilibrium-supply-price
  set-current-plot-pen "theoretic high"
;  plot total-equilibrium-demand-price
  plotxy transaction-number total-equilibrium-demand-price
;  set-current-plot-pen "current low"
;  plot current-equilibrium-supply-price
;  set-current-plot-pen "current high"
;  plot current-equilibrium-demand-price  
  set-current-plot-pen "current real"
  plot price
end

;; draw a line delimiting trading days in the price chart -- at every trading day
to plot-day-marker-to-prices
  set-current-plot "Prices"
  set-current-plot-pen "date-range"
  plot-pen-up
;  plotxy plot-x-max 0
  plotxy transaction-number min (list min-sell-price min-buy-price )
  plot-pen-down
;  plotxy plot-x-max plot-y-max
  plotxy transaction-number max (list max-sell-price max-buy-price )
  plot-pen-up
end

;; plot evolution of Smith's alpha -- at every trading day
to plot-alpha
  set-current-plot "Alpha"
  set-current-plot-pen "default"
  plot calculate-alpha
end

;; plot evolution of total gained surplus in per cents -- at every trading day
to plot-gained-surplus
  set-current-plot "Gained Surplus"
  set-current-plot-pen "default"
  plot calculate-gained-surplus
end

;; plot number of inefficient trades and traders
to plot-inefficient-traders
  set-current-plot "Inefficient Traders"
  set-current-plot-pen "nontraded"
  plot current-equilibrium-quantity
  set-current-plot-pen "intramarg. nontraded"
  plot calculate-intramarginal-nontraded
  set-current-plot-pen "extramarg. traded"
  plot calculate-extramarginal-traded
  set-current-plot-pen "sum of inefficient"
  plot ( calculate-intramarginal-nontraded + calculate-extramarginal-traded )
end

;; plot rho
to plot-rho
  set-current-plot "Rho"
  set-current-plot-pen "default"
  plot calculate-rho
end





;; AUXILIARY CODE
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; VISION RADIUS
;; returns the radius that allows a trader to see vision% % of the world
to-report vision-radius
  ;;report vision% * sqrt ( ( world-width / 2 ) ^ 2 + ( world-height / 2 ) ^ 2 ) / 100
  report world-fraction-to-radius-function ( vision% / 100 )
end

;; returns the radius that allows a trader to see world-frac % of the world
to-report world-fraction-to-radius-function [ world-frac ]
  if (world-frac < .79)
    [ report sqrt ( world-frac * world-width * world-height / pi) ]
  ; table of numerical approximations.
  ; starts at .79, goes up by .01:
  let approx-list [ 0.501568 ; .79
    0.505272 0.50927 0.513527 0.518035 0.522796 ; .80 to .84
    0.527818 0.533114 0.538703 0.54461 0.550864 ; .85 to .89
    0.557507 0.564589 0.572176 0.580358 0.589258 ; .90 to .94
    0.599054 0.610022 0.622622 0.637758 0.657758 ; .95 to .99
    0.707107 ; 1.00 this last one equals 1 / sqrt(2.0)
    0 ; dummy value, never really used, but prevents
    ;an array index out of bounds problem when world-frac = 1
  ]
  let index world-frac * 100 - 79
  let index-low floor index
  report world-width *
    ((item index-low approx-list) * (1 - (index - index-low))
    + (item (index-low + 1) approx-list) * (index - index-low))
end

;; rounding
to-report round-price [ p ]
  if ( price-rounding-to = "none" ) [ report p ]
  if ( price-rounding-to = "pennies" ) [ report ( round ( p * 100 ) / 100 ) ]
  if ( price-rounding-to = "dimes" ) [ report ( round ( p * 10 ) / 10 ) ]
  report ( round p )
end




;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; NEW CODE BOREDER ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;; show / hide patches
;to view-patches
;  ifelse patches-visible?
;    [ 
;      ask patches with [(pxcor + pycor) mod 2 = 0] [ set pcolor green - 3 ]
;      ask patches with [(pxcor + pycor) mod 2 = 1] [ set pcolor black ]
;    ]
;    [ ask patches [ set pcolor black ] ]
;end









;; SETUP & GO


;; reset every market day
;; ATTENTION: traders must be reset here as well!!!
to reset
  set total-inverse-demand inverse-demand
  set total-inverse-supply inverse-supply
  set current-inverse-demand total-inverse-demand
  set current-inverse-supply total-inverse-supply
  set total-equilibrium-quantity
        equilibrium-quantity total-inverse-supply total-inverse-demand
  set total-equilibrium-supply-price
        equilibrium-supply-price total-equilibrium-quantity total-inverse-supply
  set total-equilibrium-demand-price
        equilibrium-demand-price total-equilibrium-quantity total-inverse-demand
  set current-equilibrium-quantity total-equilibrium-quantity
  set current-equilibrium-supply-price total-equilibrium-supply-price
  set current-equilibrium-demand-price total-equilibrium-demand-price
  set total-potential-surplus
        potential-surplus total-inverse-supply total-inverse-demand
  set current-quantity-traded 0
  do-plots
end















;; DIAGNOSTICS

;; inverse demand and supply (i.e. reservation prices for each subsequent unit)
;;   each trader may have as many units to trade as he wishes 
;;   but he must have the same reservation-price for them all
to-report inverse-supply
;  stara funkcni verze:
;  report sort [reservation-price ] of sellers with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ]
  let supply []
  ask sellers
    [ 
      set supply sentence reservation-prices-of-quantities-to-sold supply
    ]
  report sort supply
end

to-report inverse-demand
;  stara funkcni verze:
;  report sort-by [?1 > ?2] [reservation-price ] of buyers with [ non-satisfied-quantity > 0 ]
  let demand []
  ask buyers
    [ 
      set demand sentence reservation-prices-of-quantities-to-sold demand
    ]
  report sort-by [?1 > ?2] demand
end

to-report reservation-prices-of-quantities-to-sold
  report n-values non-satisfied-quantity [ reservation-price ]
end

;; potential gains from trade (sellers' and buyers' total surplus) calculated from inverse demand and supply
to-report potential-surplus [ supply demand ]
  let surplus 0
  while [ (not empty? demand) and (not empty? supply) and (( first demand ) > ( first supply )) ]
    [
      set surplus surplus + first demand - first supply
      set demand but-first demand
      set supply but-first supply
    ]
  report surplus
end

;; equilibrium quantity calculated from inverse demand and supply
;; (the last pair with zero surplus is included if exists)
to-report equilibrium-quantity [ supply demand ]
  let quantity 0
  while [ (not empty? demand) and (not empty? supply) and (( first demand ) >= ( first supply )) ]
    [
      set demand but-first demand
      set supply but-first supply
      set quantity quantity + 1
    ]
  report quantity
end

;; equilibrium price calculated from inverse supply (the lower limit)
to-report equilibrium-supply-price [ eq-quantity supply ]
  ifelse eq-quantity > 0
    [ report item ( eq-quantity - 1) supply ]
    [ report "None" ]
end

;; equilibrium price calculated from inverse demand (the upper limit)
to-report equilibrium-demand-price [ eq-quantity demand ]
  ifelse eq-quantity > 0
    [ report item ( eq-quantity - 1) demand ]
    [ report "None" ]
end

;; drawing inverse supply
to draw-inverse-supply [ supply ]
  let price 0
  let quantity 0
  plot-pen-up
  plotxy quantity price
  plot-pen-down
  foreach supply
    [
      set price ?
      plotxy quantity price
      set quantity quantity + 1
      plotxy quantity price
    ]
  plotxy quantity ( ( max list max-sell-price max-buy-price ) + 5 )
  plot-pen-up
end

;; drawing inverse demand
to draw-inverse-demand [ demand ]
  let price ( max list max-sell-price max-buy-price ) + 5
  let quantity 0
  plot-pen-up
  plotxy quantity price
  plot-pen-down
  foreach demand
    [
      set price ?
      plotxy quantity price
      set quantity quantity + 1
      plotxy quantity price
    ]
  plotxy quantity 0
  plot-pen-up
end

to draw-total-equilibrium
;  plot-pen-down
;  plotxy equilibrium-quantity inverse-supply inverse-demand 0
;  plotxy equilibrium-quantity inverse-supply inverse-demand plot-y-max
;  plot-pen-up
end
@#$#@#$#@
GRAPHICS-WINDOW
490
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814
355
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16
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1
10
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
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16
-16
16
0
0
1
ticks

CC-WINDOW
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869
823
964
Command Center
0

BUTTON
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10
65
43
NIL
setup
NIL
1
T
OBSERVER
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NIL
NIL
NIL

SLIDER
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455
185
488
number-of-sellers
number-of-sellers
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100
19
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
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187
528
number-of-buyers
number-of-buyers
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100
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1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
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535
177
568
min-sell-price
min-sell-price
1
100
10
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
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575
177
608
max-sell-price
max-sell-price
min-sell-price
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100
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
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615
177
648
min-buy-price
min-buy-price
1
100
10
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
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655
177
688
max-buy-price
max-buy-price
min-buy-price
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1
NIL
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PLOT
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Supply and Demand
Q
P
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
true
false
PENS
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"total demand" 1.0 0 -13345367 true
"current supply" 1.0 0 -1184463 true
"current demand" 3.0 0 -2674135 true

MONITOR
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220
166
269
curr. P*s
current-equilibrium-supply-price
17
1
12

MONITOR
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165
163
214
curr. P*d
current-equilibrium-demand-price
17
1
12

MONITOR
170
165
244
214
theor. Q*
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1
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MONITOR
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269
theor. P*s
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1
12

MONITOR
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theor. P*d
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1
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CHOOSER
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473
535
traders-type
traders-type
"fair" "zi" "zip"
2

SLIDER
335
540
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573
vision%
vision%
0
100
100
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

MONITOR
335
290
435
339
gained surp. %
precision calculate-gained-surplus 1
17
1
12

SWITCH
335
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484
713
public-offers?
public-offers?
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1
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CHOOSER
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460
625
who-offers?
who-offers?
"sellers" "buyers" "buyers & sellers"
2

PLOT
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10
485
160
Prices
transaction #
P
0.0
10.0
0.0
100.0
true
false
PENS
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"theoretic low" 1.0 0 -16777216 true
"current real" 1.0 0 -2674135 true
"theoretic high" 1.0 0 -16777216 true
"current low" 1.0 0 -5825686 true
"current high" 1.0 0 -5825686 true
"date-range" 1.0 0 -13345367 true

MONITOR
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220
309
269
curr. Q
current-quantity-traded
17
1
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CHOOSER
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695
285
740
supply-and-demand-generation-type
supply-and-demand-generation-type
"equidistant" "random"
0

CHOOSER
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630
473
675
moving-type
moving-type
"still" "wiggle"
1

SLIDER
5
415
229
448
number-of-trading-days
number-of-trading-days
1
50
5
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SWITCH
335
720
496
753
public-hearing?
public-hearing?
0
1
-1000

SLIDER
5
745
289
778
max-idle-ticks-per-trading-day
max-idle-ticks-per-trading-day
500
2500
1000
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

PLOT
325
165
485
285
Alpha
trading day
alpha
0.0
10.0
0.0
10.0
true
false
PENS
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PLOT
5
290
165
410
Gained Surplus
trading day
surp. %
0.0
10.0
0.0
10.0
true
false
PENS
"default" 1.0 1 -16777216 true

PLOT
335
360
649
480
Inefficient Traders
trading day
numbers
0.0
10.0
0.0
10.0
true
true
PENS
"sum of inefficient" 1.0 0 -16777216 true
"nontraded" 1.0 0 -2674135 true
"intramarg. nontraded" 1.0 0 -13345367 true
"extramarg. traded" 1.0 0 -10899396 true

PLOT
170
290
330
410
Rho
trading day
rho
0.0
10.0
0.0
10.0
true
false
PENS
"default" 1.0 1 -16777216 true

BUTTON
5
50
65
83
NIL
go
T
1
T
OBSERVER
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL

MONITOR
250
165
312
214
curr. Q*
current-equilibrium-quantity
17
1
12

SLIDER
530
570
702
603
min-beta
min-beta
0
100
10
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
530
610
702
643
max-beta
max-beta
min-beta
100
50
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
530
650
702
683
min-gamma
min-gamma
0
100
20
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
530
690
702
723
max-gamma
max-gamma
min-gamma
100
80
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
530
730
702
763
delta-p
delta-p
0
100
5
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
530
770
702
803
delta-a
delta-a
0
100
5
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

CHOOSER
530
810
672
855
price-rounding-to
price-rounding-to
"none" "pennies" "dimes" "bucks"
1

CHOOSER
653
434
791
479
where-to-tick?
where-to-tick?
"trading day" "one quote"
0

SLIDER
530
490
708
523
min-initial-margin
min-initial-margin
0
100
5
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SLIDER
530
530
712
563
max-initial-margin
max-initial-margin
min-initial-margin
100
35
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

MONITOR
5
90
65
139
day #
trading-day-number
17
1
12

@#$#@#$#@
WHAT IS IT?
-----------
This model explores a simple market with buyers and sellers. Each of them has its own reservation price, and its goal quantity to trade. His goal is to maximize its surplus (i.e. its part of the gains of the trade).


HOW IT WORKS
------------
This section could explain what rules the agents use to create the overall behavior of the model.


HOW TO USE IT
-------------
This section could explain how to use the model, including a description of each of the items in the interface tab.


THINGS TO NOTICE
----------------
This section could give some ideas of things for the user to notice while running the model.


THINGS TO TRY
-------------
This section could give some ideas of things for the user to try to do (move sliders, switches, etc.) with the model.


EXTENDING THE MODEL
-------------------
This section could give some ideas of things to add or change in the procedures tab to make the model more complicated, detailed, accurate, etc.


NETLOGO FEATURES
----------------
This section could point out any especially interesting or unusual features of NetLogo that the model makes use of, particularly in the Procedures tab.  It might also point out places where workarounds were needed because of missing features.


RELATED MODELS
--------------
This section could give the names of models in the NetLogo Models Library or elsewhere which are of related interest.


CREDITS AND REFERENCES
----------------------
This section could contain a reference to the model's URL on the web if it has one, as well as any other necessary credits or references.
@#$#@#$#@
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@#$#@#$#@
NetLogo 4.0.2
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
<experiments>
  <experiment name="efficiency" repetitions="10" runMetricsEveryStep="true">
    <setup>setup</setup>
    <go>go</go>
    <metric>calculate-alpha</metric>
    <metric>calculate-rho</metric>
    <metric>calculate-gained-surplus</metric>
    <metric>current-equilibrium-quantity</metric>
    <metric>calculate-intramarginal-nontraded</metric>
    <metric>calculate-extramarginal-traded</metric>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-of-buyers">
      <value value="19"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="public-offers?">
      <value value="true"/>
      <value value="false"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="traders-type">
      <value value="&quot;zip&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="where-to-tick?">
      <value value="&quot;trading day&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="delta-p">
      <value value="5"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-gamma">
      <value value="80"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-initial-margin">
      <value value="5"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-sell-price">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-beta">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <steppedValueSet variable="vision%" first="10" step="10" last="100"/>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-sell-price">
      <value value="100"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-idle-ticks-per-trading-day">
      <value value="1000"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-of-trading-days">
      <value value="50"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-gamma">
      <value value="20"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-beta">
      <value value="50"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-buy-price">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="supply-and-demand-generation-type">
      <value value="&quot;equidistant&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="price-rounding-to">
      <value value="&quot;pennies&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="delta-a">
      <value value="5"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-initial-margin">
      <value value="35"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-of-sellers">
      <value value="19"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="public-hearing?">
      <value value="true"/>
      <value value="false"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-buy-price">
      <value value="100"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="who-offers?">
      <value value="&quot;buyers &amp; sellers&quot;"/>
      <value value="&quot;sellers&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="moving-type">
      <value value="&quot;wiggle&quot;"/>
      <value value="&quot;still&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
  </experiment>
  <experiment name="prices" repetitions="1" runMetricsEveryStep="true">
    <setup>setup</setup>
    <go>go</go>
    <metric>current-deal-price</metric>
    <metric>calculate-alpha</metric>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-buy-price">
      <value value="100"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-sell-price">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-idle-ticks-per-trading-day">
      <value value="1000"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="vision%">
      <value value="100"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-of-sellers">
      <value value="19"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-of-buyers">
      <value value="19"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="public-hearing?">
      <value value="true"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-beta">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-gamma">
      <value value="80"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="who-offers?">
      <value value="&quot;buyers &amp; sellers&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-initial-margin">
      <value value="5"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="moving-type">
      <value value="&quot;wiggle&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-of-trading-days">
      <value value="5"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-beta">
      <value value="50"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="supply-and-demand-generation-type">
      <value value="&quot;equidistant&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="delta-a">
      <value value="5"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="traders-type">
      <value value="&quot;zip&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-gamma">
      <value value="20"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-sell-price">
      <value value="100"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="delta-p">
      <value value="5"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="min-buy-price">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="max-initial-margin">
      <value value="35"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="price-rounding-to">
      <value value="&quot;pennies&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="where-to-tick?">
      <value value="&quot;one quote&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="public-offers?">
      <value value="true"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
  </experiment>
</experiments>
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